Overview
Prostate cancer begins in the cells of the prostate gland. Many prostate cancers grow slowly; some are more aggressive. Found early, it is often very treatable.
Symptoms
- Often no symptoms in the early stage
- Urinary symptoms similar to an enlarged prostate
- Blood in urine or semen
- Bone pain, weight loss or tiredness in advanced disease
When to see a doctor
- A raised PSA result
- Blood in urine or semen
- New bone pain with urinary symptoms
Causes
- Changes in the DNA of prostate cells; the exact trigger is usually unknown
Risk factors
- Age, particularly over 50
- A father or brother with prostate cancer
- Inherited gene changes such as BRCA mutations
- Obesity
Diagnosis
- PSA blood test
- Rectal examination
- MRI of the prostate
- Prostate biopsy
- Staging scans if cancer is found
Treatment
- Active surveillance for low-risk cancers, with regular PSA tests and MRI.
- Surgery to remove the prostate (radical prostatectomy) for suitable localised cancers.
- Radiation therapy, arranged with oncology partners.
- Hormone therapy and other medicines for advanced disease.
FAQs
Should I get a PSA test?
Discuss it with your doctor from around 50, or earlier if a close relative had prostate cancer. The test has benefits and limits that are worth understanding first.
Does a high PSA mean I have cancer?
Not necessarily. Infection, an enlarged prostate and recent procedures can also raise PSA. Your urologist may repeat the test or advise an MRI.
Is prostate cancer curable?
Many cancers found while still inside the prostate can be treated with the aim of cure. Your options depend on the stage, grade and your overall health.
Medical review: pending — Dr. Akash M. Shah · Content prepared October 2026. This guide is general information and does not replace a consultation.